The study of liquid‐liquid equilibrium (LLE) in ternary systems is vital for advancing separation science and process engineering. In such systems, three distinct components interact to yield two ...

Scientists have long known the ins and outs of equilibrium thermodynamics. Systems in equilibrium — a stable state of unchanging balance — are governed by a neat set of rules, making them predictable ...

Recent advances have significantly deepened our understanding of how systems evolve when driven far from equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics examines energy flows, dissipation and entropy ...

How it works: the wave in the foreground is an illustration of the phase of an out-of-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate in a 1D cavity, which belongs to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class.

Arguably, almost all truly intriguing systems are ones that are far away from equilibrium -- such as stars, planetary atmospheres, and even digital circuits. But, until now, systems far from thermal ...

Computational methods that can simulate reactions, how a molecule behaves in a certain environment and what properties a material will exhibit (amongst other areas) have been gaining interest in ...

A new discovery could be the beginning of a general framework of rules for seemingly unpredictable non-equilibrium systems, explain researchers. Scientists have long known the ins and outs of ...