Traditionally, architecture's role has been to create a barrier between inhabitants and the elements, providing protection and security. Even with material and technological advances over time, this ...

Buildings in arctic and subarctic climates face not only challenges related to cold but also remoteness, limited utilities, permafrost, and extreme temperature shifts. Designers must meet these ...

The primary goal of this research was to minimise the energy consumed by heating and cooling loads in residential buildings in a sub-humid Mediterranean climate zone. This was achieved by optimising ...