Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. What is the Universe, at a fundamental level, truly made out of? Is ...

The universe has cooked up all sorts of bizarre and beautiful forms of matter, from blazing stars to purring cats, out of just three basic ingredients. Electrons and two types of quarks, dubbed “up” ...

What is our Universe made out of? At a fundamental level, to the best of our knowledge, the answer is simple: particles and fields. The type of matter that makes up humans, Earth, and all the stars, ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

From mysterious dark matter to the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei, the past 12 months have reiterated just how strange particle physics can be. When you purchase through links on our site, we may ...

What Are Atmospheric Aerosols Exactly Aerosols refer to fine solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, where ...

The physicists who came to our presentation at the 2010 Neutrino conference in Athens, Greece, probably expected us to put to rest a controversial finding from a decade prior. Instead we left them in ...

The pandemic has made the world keenly aware that the biggest threats to public health often come in small packages. Individual virus particles, called virions, are too small to be seen without a high ...

This attempt to discredit a fundamental piece of protective gear used and studied around the globe fails to account for several fundamental scientific principles. The COVID-19 particle is small, but ...

Discover 'ghostly' particles and quantum depletion. A new study makes the first observation of 'ghost particles' from Bose-Einstein condensates via 'quantum depletion': particles expelled by ...